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Rosacea

What is Rosacea?

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that predominantly affects the face. It is characterised by episodes of facial redness, visible blood vessels, and in some cases, acne-like bumps. Rosacea is a common condition, often seen in individuals with fair skin, and typically manifests between the ages of 30 and 50. It can significantly impact the quality of life, leading to psychological distress due to its visible nature.

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What Causes Rosacea?

The exact cause of rosacea remains unclear, but it is believed to be a multifactorial condition. Several potential contributing factors have been identified:

Genetic Predisposition

There is evidence to suggest that rosacea can run in families, indicating a genetic component.

Vascular Abnormalities

Abnormalities in facial blood vessels may lead to the flushing and persistent redness associated with rosacea.

Immune System Response

An overactive immune response may play a role, with certain bacteria or skin mites triggering inflammation.

Environmental Factors

Factors such as sun exposure, extreme temperatures, wind, and humidity can exacerbate symptoms.

Lifestyle Triggers

Certain foods (spicy foods, hot drinks), alcohol, stress, and vigorous exercise can trigger or worsen rosacea flare-ups.

Microorganisms

The presence of the Demodex mite and the bacterium Bacillus oleronius have been implicated in rosacea, though their exact role remains under investigation.

Stages ofRosacea

Rosacea can progress through various stages, each with distinct characteristics:

  • Pre-Rosacea (Stage 1): This initial stage involves frequent episodes of flushing and blushing, often triggered by specific stimuli such as heat, alcohol, or spicy foods. The redness is transient and typically does not leave lasting marks.
  • Vascular Rosacea (Stage 2): Also known as erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, this stage is marked by persistent redness (erythema) and the appearance of visible blood vessels (telangiectasia) on the face, particularly around the nose and cheeks.
  • Inflammatory Rosacea (Stage 3): In this stage, individuals may experience the development of papules and pustules, resembling acne. This form is often referred to as papulopustular rosacea.
  • Phymatous Rosacea (Stage 4): The most severe stage, phymatous rosacea, involves thickening of the skin, particularly around the nose (rhinophyma), leading to a bulbous appearance. This stage is more common in men and can cause significant disfigurement if left untreated.
  • Ocular Rosacea: Although not a stage, ocular rosacea can occur concurrently with any of the above stages. It affects the eyes, causing symptoms such as dryness, irritation, redness, and swollen eyelids.

Treatment ofRosacea

At our office in Cheshire & Manchester rosacea treatments are tailored to the individual, depending on the severity and type of symptoms. A combination of lifestyle changes, topical and oral medications, and advanced dermatological procedures can help manage the condition.

Lifestyle Modifications

Identifying and avoiding triggers is crucial. This might include using sunscreen, avoiding hot beverages, and managing stress.

Topical Medications

Commonly prescribed topical treatments include metronidazole, azelaic acid, and ivermectin, which help reduce inflammation and bacterial load on the skin.

Oral Medications

For more severe cases, oral antibiotics such as doxycycline and minocycline can be effective. In some instances, low-dose isotretinoin may be prescribed.

Skincare Regimen

Gentle skincare products that avoid irritation are recommended. This includes using non-abrasive cleansers, moisturisers, and sun protection.

Laser and Light-Based Therapies

These treatments target the vascular component of rosacea, reducing redness and visible blood vessels.

Laser Options for Facial Redness or Rosacea

For the treatment of rosacea Manchester & Cheshire patients may need one of several available laser treatments to manage the redness and visible blood vessels associated with the condition:

  • Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL): PDL is highly effective for treating erythema and telangiectasia by targeting the haemoglobin in blood vessels, causing them to collapse and be reabsorbed by the body.
  • Intense Pulsed Light (IPL): IPL uses broad-spectrum light to target the blood vessels beneath the skin. It is effective in reducing redness and improving skin texture.
  • Nd:YAG Laser: This laser penetrates deeper into the skin and is useful for treating larger, more prominent blood vessels.
  • KTP Laser: The KTP laser specifically targets the smaller blood vessels and can be very effective in reducing fine telangiectasia.

How Many Laser Sessions Do I Need?

The number of laser sessions required can vary based on the severity of the rosacea, the specific type of laser used, and individual response to treatment. Typically, patients may need between 3 to 6 sessions spaced 4 to 6 weeks apart to achieve optimal results. Maintenance sessions may be required to manage recurring symptoms.

Medication for Rosacea

In addition to topical and oral antibiotics, other medications may be prescribed to manage rosacea:

  • Brimonidine Gel: This topical gel constricts blood vessels to reduce redness temporarily.
  • Oxymetazoline Cream: Another topical medication that helps reduce persistent facial redness by constricting blood vessels.
  • Beta-Blockers and Alpha-Agonists: Medications such as propranolol and clonidine can be used off-label to reduce flushing and blushing episodes.
  • Isotretinoin: For severe or refractory cases, low-dose isotretinoin may be prescribed, though it requires careful monitoring due to potential side effects.

Conclusion

Rosacea is a complex and chronic skin condition requiring a multifaceted approach for effective management. While the exact cause remains unknown, understanding the triggers and stages of rosacea is crucial for developing a personalised treatment plan. Advances in laser and light-based therapies offer promising options for reducing redness and improving skin appearance, complementing traditional topical and oral medications. Book your consultation with our doctors at CLNQ to find out more about treatment options for your facial redness.

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